Everything you need to know on: Contraception

Written by: Estefania Pena

Growing up, sex was a topic that was always kept in the dark. I was never given ‘the talk’
much less told to be careful and precautious. All I knew was sex got you pregnant and being
pregnant at a young age was bad. This put everything in a negative light causing me to be scared of
all things having to do with sex. I avoided it at all costs until I came to learn that that is not good,
much less healthy. Later on I came to find out sex was normal and everyone did it, there was no need
to feel shame around it. From friends I had heard about birth control and how their mom had helped
them attain it. Something that in my case, was not applicable. Luckily to my surprise, I found out there
were other options apart from birth control or condoms. The more I researched the more options I
found.

Here is the information I found to help you, someone that was once like me! Know your
options!

Contraception is any method, medicine, or device used to prevent by either stopping or reducing the
chances of fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. There are various types of contraceptives
to choose from; some working better than others:

1. Barrier methods: These contraceptives create a physical barrier between the sperm and egg,
preventing fertilization.

Examples: female/male condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.
Condoms are easily accessible and can protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Diaphragms and cervical caps must be fitted by a healthcare provider and are less effective
at preventing pregnancy than other methods.

2. Hormonal methods: These contraceptives contain hormones that regulate ovulation, making
it less likely for an egg to be released. Examples: birth control pills, patches, injections, and
vaginal rings.

All methods are highly effective at preventing pregnancy if used correctly. Injections are
given every few months by a healthcare provider. However, these methods may have side
effects such as changes in menstrual bleeding and mood.

3. Emergency contraception: type of birth control that can be used after unprotected sex to
prevent pregnancy. Examples: emergency contraceptive pills and copper IUDs

Emergency contraception should only be used as an emergency backup method not as a
primary form of contraception. Contraceptive pills are effective when taken as soon as
possible and copper IUD’s can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex.

4. Sterilization: This is a permanent method of contraception that involves a surgical procedure.
Women: Tubal Ligation: block/remove fallopian tubes. Men: Vasectomy: block/remove the vas
deferens.

This is a permanent method of contraception; it should only be performed if a person is 100%
sure they do not want to have children in the future.

5. Intrauterine devices (IUDs): These are small, T-shaped devices that are inserted into the
uterus and can prevent pregnancy for several years

IUDs are highly effective and can remain in place for several years. Hormonal IUDs can
reduce menstrual bleeding and cramping. Non-hormonal IUDs may increase menstrual
bleeding.

6. Natural family planning: This method involves tracking a person's menstrual cycle and
avoiding sex during her fertile window, which is the time when she is most likely to conceive.
This method requires careful tracking of a person's menstrual cycle and abstaining from sex
during her fertile window. Can be less effective if not done correctly.

**It's important to note that no method of contraception is 100% effective, and different methods may
be more or less effective for different people. Factors such as a person’s health, lifestyle, and
personal preferences should be taken into account when choosing a method. It's also important to
talk to a healthcare provider to determine which method of contraception is best for you.**